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Ignacy Ewaryst Daszyński (26 October 1866, Zbaraż – 31 October 1936) was a Polish socialist politician, journalist and Prime Minister of the first Polish government, the Second Polish Republic, created in Lublin in 1918. In October 1892 he co-founded the Polish Social Democratic Party (Polish abbreviation: ''PPSD''), a precursor to the Polish Socialist Party (''PPS''). He was elected to the Austrian Parliament in 1897 and remained there until 1918. From 1903, he took part in several congresses and gatherings of the International Socialist Party, frequently emphasizing the independence and reunification of all territories of Poland as a part integral of the Polish socialist program. Then, in 1912, Daszyński began his long collaboration with future Marshal and Chief of State Józef Pilsudski. He was also appointed chief editor of the Socialist newspaper ''Naprzód'' ("Forward") in Kraków. Following World War I, Daszyński co-founded the Polish National Committee, and for a few days, he served as head of the provisional government formed in the city of Lublin on November 7, 1918. He was elected on January 26, 1919 to the Polish Sejm and was constantly re-elected in 1922, 1928 and finally in 1930. From July 1920 to January 1921, he served as the deputy prime minister in the Government of National Unity led by politician and diplomat Wincenty Witos. Although he strongly supported Józef Piłsudski during the May 1926 Coup, he later joined the center-left opposition. From 1928 to 1930, he was the third Marshal of the Sejm. He often refused to allow a parliament sitting or session when Piłsudski, accompanied by a strong armed escort and a cavalry unit, entered the chamber where the politicians and envoys gathered. Daszyński ended his political career in 1930 when Piłsudski dissolved parliament. As a journalist and underground activist, he used the pseudonyms ''Daszek'', ''Żegota'' and ''Ignis''. == Early life and studies == Ignacy Daszyński was born on 26 October 1866 in Zbaraż in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (now in Ternopil Oblast), which, following the Partitions of Poland, was then a part of the Austrian Empire. He came from a not very wealthy family of the gentry, one that cherished patriotic traditions. He was the son of Ferdynand Daszyński (1816–1875), an Austrian clerk, and Kamila, née Mierzewska (1834–1895). He had three brothers, one sister, and older half siblings from his father's first marriage. In 1872, Daszyński started his education in a school run by Franciscans in Zbarazh. He was a very good student because he already knew how to read and write and, as he grew up in a multicultural environment, he knew several languages. From childhood, he could speak Ukrainian and Yiddish and understood German. On 6 December 1875, his father died and the family moved to Stanisławów. To improve their financial situation, his mother leased flats to secondary school students. Two years later, he entered secondary school. During this time he earned money by giving his colleagues private lessons. At that time, he was under the strong influence of his older brother, Feliks, who taught him how to be a good Polish patriot. Together they performed minor subversive actions. Feliks wrote an anniversary poem in honour of Maurycy Gosławski, a poet who fought in the November Uprising. Ignacy made copies of the poem and scattered them around the poet's grave. The Austrian police started an investigation and Feliks was arrested, while Ignacy was released pending trial. However, they were both acquitted. Feliks still did not abandon his subversive activity. He created a conspiratorial group that drew Polish and Ukrainian teenagers from the Stanisławów area. Ignacy contributed to the group by establishing its rules. In 1882, Ignacy Daszyński gave a patriotic speech to students during the long school break. This led him to being expelled from the school and brought an end to his family's easy life in Stanisławów. Their financial situation collapsed and they had to move to Lwów. Feliks started to study chemistry at the Lwów Polytechnic. Soon, Ignacy and his mother had to move again. They went to Drohobycz where he began his first job, as a lawyer’s secretary (no school was willing to enrol him). During this time he came into contact with the working class for the first time. Soon he started to write for the leftist biweekly ''Gazeta Naddniestrzańska'' ("Trans-Nistrian News"), in which he wrote about the hard conditions of workers employed by petroleum industries in Stanisławów and Drohobycz. In September 1884, when his mother moved to Przemyśl, Ignacy was left alone in Lwów. Again he was refused enrollment at school, and so studied at home. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ignacy Daszyński」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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